Brazil still records alarming numbers of hospitalizations and deaths due to the disease. Vaccination and early diagnosis remain the best ways to prevent and fight it.
Imaging tests of the lungs, such as chest X-rays, help with diagnosis | Photo: SBPT
On November 12, World Pneumonia Day is celebrated, a time to reflect on the severity of this lung infection, which primarily affects vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly. Pneumonia, which can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or even chemical substances, results in lung inflammation, making breathing difficult and, if left untreated, can lead to fatal complications. According to data from the Ministry of Health, pneumonia is one of the leading causes of hospitalization in Brazil, resulting in around 60,000 deaths annually.
Specialist physician Flávio Arbex highlights that typical symptoms include high fever, cough with mucus, shortness of breath, and mental confusion, especially in the elderly. "The infection impairs gas exchange in the lungs, becoming fatal without proper treatment," he warns, emphasizing the vulnerability of children and the elderly in areas with limited access to healthcare services.
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Data show that pneumonia causes deaths in both urban populations and in underserved regions, with a greater impact on the elderly and children under 5. The Ministry of Health indicates that deaths among the elderly are linked to weakened immunity and existing comorbidities, while infant mortality is exacerbated by lack of vaccination and inadequate medical assistance. "We recently saw how pneumonia can affect people of various ages and even public figures; it’s a disease that should be taken seriously by everyone," warns Arbex, citing recent cases, including the host Silvio Santos, who passed away due to the disease.
Regarding vaccination, Arbex clarifies that there are significant differences between vaccines available in public and private healthcare systems. "The pneumonia vaccine offered by SUS is limited and focuses on specific groups, while the private sector offers more comprehensive and effective options," he explains.
Moreover, cold and dry weather during autumn and winter increases the risk of pneumonia transmission, especially in closed environments. The specialist emphasizes the importance of watching for early symptoms and seeking medical help quickly, as pneumonia can be confused with other respiratory infections. "Pneumonia is a serious disease, but with prevention and proper treatment, we can save lives and reduce the suffering of many families," concludes the specialist.